On Stalin's death that same year, Neruda wrote an ode to him, as he also wrote poems in praise of Fulgencio Batista "Saludo a Batista", ("Salute to Batista") and later to Fidel Castro.ĭue to his protests against President González Videla's repressive policy against striking miners, he found himself threatened with arrest, and went into hiding. In 1943 he returned to Chile and in 1945, Neruda was elected a Communist Senator for the northern provinces of Antofagasta and Tarapacá in the Atacama Desert.īolstered by his experiences in the Spanish Civil War, Pablo Neruda, like many left-leaning intellectuals of his generation, came to admire the Soviet Union of Joseph Stalin, partly for the role it played in defeating Nazi Germany and partly because of an idealist interpretation of Marxist doctrine. While he was there, he married del Carril, and learned that his daughter Malva had died, aged eight, in the Nazi-occupied Netherlands. Neruda's next diplomatic post was as Consul General in Mexico City, where he spent the years 1940 to 1943. After leaving his wife, Neruda lived with Delia del Carril in France. His ex-wife moved to Monte Carlo and then to the Netherlands with their only child, and he never saw either of them again. His marriage broke down and the couple divorced in 1936. He lost his post as consul due to his political militancy. Neruda became an ardent Communist for the rest of his life. His experiences of the Spanish Civil War and its aftermath moved him away from privately focused work in the direction of collective obligation. As Spain became engulfed in civil war, Neruda became intensely politicised for the first time. He later succeeded Gabriela Mistral as consul in Madrid, where he became the center of a lively literary circle, befriending such writers as Rafael Alberti, Federico García Lorca, and the Peruvian poet César Vallejo. In Java he met and married his first wife, a Dutch bank employee named Maryka Antonieta Hagenaar Vogelzang.Īfter returning to Chile, Pablo Neruda was given diplomatic posts in Buenos Aires and then Barcelona, Spain. Later, mired in isolation and loneliness, he worked in Colombo (Ceylon), Batavia (Java), and Singapore. In 1927, out of financial desperation, he took an honorary consulship in Rangoon, the capital of the British Indian colony of Burma, then administered from New Delhi as a province of British India. In the love poems of this collection, Neruda presents woman and nature as "two aspects of the same reality" and uses nature imagery to describe women. Neruda's passion for writing love poetry is particularly evident in the early Veinte poemas de amor y una cancion desesperada (1924 Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair). By the age of 20, Neruda had established an international reputation as a poet, but faced poverty, and had four unsatisfying relationships These came to inspire many of his conflictive love poems.
However, he was soon devoting all his time to writing poems. In 1921, at the age of 16, Pablo Neruda moved to Santiago to study French at the Universidad de Chile, with the intention of becoming a teacher. The young poet's intention in publishing under a pseudonym was to avoid his father's disapproval of his poems. He is thought to have named himself Neruda after the Czech poet Jan Neruda. When he adopted the pseudonym Pablo Neruda, he was a published author of poems, prose, and journalism. Neruda's father opposed his son's interest in writing and literature, but he received encouragement from others, including the future Nobel Prize winner Gabriela Mistral, who headed the local girls' school. He wrote in a variety of styles, including surrealist poems, historical epics, overtly political manifestos, a prose autobiography, and erotically charged love poems and sonnets. Neruda became known as a poet while he was still a teenager. He won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1971. He derived his pen name from the Czech poet Jan Neruda. Pablo Neruda was the pen name and, later, legal name of the Chilean poet-diplomat and politician Neftali Ricardo Reyes Basoalto.
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